Visiting all the files and directories for a directory in Java using NIO2

At times we might want to search for some file in a directory traversing recursively into other directories with in that directory, I know getting the recursive program right at the first time is always a challenge. Or we might want to list all the contents of a directory. For all these operations the NIO2 enhancements in Java 7 provides an API to recursively traverse through a path and another interface which can be extended to provide hooks for performing certain operations when a file is encountered or a directory is encountered.

also read:

• Java 7.0 Tutorials
• New Features in Java 7.0
• G1 Garbage Collector in Java 7.0

The method used is: Files.walkFileTree. There are 2 overloaded versions of this method:

[code lang=”java”]
public static Path walkFileTree(Path start,
Set<FileVisitOption> options,
int maxDepth,
FileVisitor<? super Path> visitor)
throws IOException
[/code]

and

[code lang=”java”]
public static Path walkFileTree(Path start,
FileVisitor<? super Path> visitor)
throws IOException
[/code]

Currently FileVisitOption enum provides an option to specify whether or not to follow the symbolic links. The maxDepth restricts the number of levels the walkFileTree method would traverse into for a given directory.

The FileVisitor interface is the major player in this operation. It has the following methods:

• postVisitDirectory(T dir, IOException exc): Invoked for a directory after entries in the directory, and all of their descendants, have been visited.
• preVisitDirectory(T dir, BasicFileAttributes attrs): Invoked for a directory before entries in the directory are visited.
• visitFile(T file, BasicFileAttributes attrs): Invoked for a file in a directory.
• visitFileFailed(T file, IOException exc): Invoked for a file that could not be visited.

Each of these methods return a FileVisitResult, which is another enum with the following constants:

• CONTINUE: Continue.
• SKIP_SIBLINGS: Continue without visiting the siblings of this file or directory.
• SKIP_SUBTREE: Continue without visiting the entries in this directory.
• TERMINATE: Terminate.

I have created a test dir with the following contents:

and the dir1 contains:

Lets write a program to list all the text files in the folder: “D:\nioTestDir”. First we need to implement the FileVisitor interface. We can make use of SimpleFileVisitor class which implements the FileVisitor interface and provides default operations for all the methods.

[code lang=”java”]
class TextFileVisitor extends SimpleFileVisitor<Path>{

PathMatcher matcher;

public TextFileVisitor(){

matcher = FileSystems.getDefault().getPathMatcher("glob:*.txt");

}

@Override
public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs)
throws IOException {

Path fileName = file.getFileName();

if ( matcher.matches(fileName)){
System.out.println("Found: "+ file);
}

//Continue to search for other txt files
return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
}

}
[/code]

and the complete program to find the “*.txt” files is:

[code lang=”java”]
public class DirectoryScanner {

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

Path rootPath = Paths.get("D:/nioTestDir");
Files.walkFileTree(rootPath, new TextFileVisitor());

}

}
[/code]

the output:

[shell]
Found: D:\nioTestDir\dir1\dir1Test1.txt
Found: D:\nioTestDir\dir1\dir1Test2.txt
Found: D:\nioTestDir\dir1\dir1Test3.txt
Found: D:\nioTestDir\test1.txt
Found: D:\nioTestDir\test2.txt
Found: D:\nioTestDir\test3.txt
[/shell]

This new API has made it really easy to traverse any given path to get the contents of the file/directory represented by the path. The above example was a simple way to list all the “.txt” files in the given path.